Visual aids improve diagnostic inferences and metacognitive judgment calibration

Visual aids improve diagnostic inferences and metacognitive judgment calibration

Visual aids can improve comprehension of risks associated with medical treatments, screenings, and lifestyles. Do visual aids also help decision makers accurately assess their risk comprehension? That is, do visual aids help them become well calibrated? To address these questions, we investigated the benefits of visual aids displaying numerical information and measured accuracy of self-assessme...

How to Improve the Diagnostic Inferences of Medical Experts

Women are generally informed that mammography screening reduces the risk of dying from breast cancer by 25%. Does that mean that from 100 women who participate in screening, 25 lives will be saved? Although many people believe this to be the case, the conclusion is not justified. This figure means that from 1,000 women who participate in screening, 3 will die from breast cancer within 10 years,...

The Effect of Using Visual Aids, Semantic Elaboration, and Visual Aids plus Semantic Elaboration on Iranian Learners' Vocabulary Learning

This study investigated the effect of using visual aids, semantic elaboration, and visual aids plus semantic elaboration on the Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary learning. To conduct the study, the researchers assigned 49 elementary learners to three homogeneous groups according to their proficiency level. Then, a pre-test of Paribakht and Wesche's Vocabulary Knowledge Scale was given to each gr...

Metacognitive and Nonmetacognitive Reliance on Affect as Information in Judgment

Metacognitive judgment and denial of deficit: Evidence from frontotemporal dementia

Patients suffering from the behavioral variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD-b) often exaggerate their abilities. Are those errors in judgment limited to domains in which patients under-perform, or do FTD-b patients overestimate their abilities in other domains? Is overconfidence in FTD-b patients domain-specific or domain-general? To address this question, we asked patients at early stages o...